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Depolarization is essential to the function of many cells, communication between cells, and the overall physiology of an organism. Action potential in a neuron, showing depolarization, in which the cell's internal charge becomes less negative (more positive), and repolarization, where the internal charge returns to a more negative value.
Different states of polarization correspond to different relationships between polarization and the direction of propagation. In linear polarization , the fields oscillate in a single direction. In circular or elliptical polarization , the fields rotate at a constant rate in a plane as the wave travels, either in the right-hand or in the left ...
(A brief chemical gradient driven efflux of Na+ through the connexon at peak depolarization causes the conduction of cell to cell depolarization, not potassium.) [27] These connections allow for the rapid conduction of the action potential throughout the heart and are responsible for allowing all of the cells in the atria to contract together ...
All cells in animal body tissues are electrically polarized – in other words, they maintain a voltage difference across the cell's plasma membrane, known as the membrane potential. This electrical polarization results from a complex interplay between protein structures embedded in the membrane called ion pumps and ion channels.
In electrodynamics, circular polarization of an electromagnetic wave is a polarization state in which, at each point, the electromagnetic field of the wave has a constant magnitude and is rotating at a constant rate in a plane perpendicular to the direction of the wave.
For an input beam of uniform polarization the output polarization will be periodic in y. The phase shift is also dependent on wavelength due to dispersion. The use of two prisms means that the output is essentially coaxial with the input. At the interface between the prisms refraction does take place, as the refractive indices are exchanged ...
At point 0 along the fiber, the wave in polarization mode 1 induces an amplitude into mode 2 at some phase. However at point 1/2 L b along the fiber, the same coupling coefficient between the polarization modes induces an amplitude into mode 2 which is now 180 degrees out of phase with the wave coupled at point zero, leading to cancellation.
Most often, the threshold potential is a membrane potential value between –50 and –55 mV, [1] but can vary based upon several factors. A neuron's resting membrane potential (–70 mV) can be altered to either increase or decrease likelihood of reaching threshold via sodium and potassium ions.