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The nerves arise from the trunk of [citation needed] the maxillary nerve (CN V 2) within the pterygopalatine fossa [1]: 496 just before it enters the infraorbital groove. [citation needed] The nerve arises as a single trunk which split into 2-3 nerves within the pterygopalatine fossa. [1]: 496
The superior dental plexus is a nerve plexus that innervates the upper/maxillary teeth and as adjacent structures. [1] It is formed by the anterior superior alveolar nerve (ASAN), middle superior alveolar nerve (MSAN), and the posterior superior alveolar nerve (PSAN). [1] [2] [3] It issues dental branches and gingival branches. [4]
In neuroanatomy, the maxillary nerve (V 2) is one of the three branches or divisions of the trigeminal nerve, the fifth (CN V) cranial nerve.It comprises the principal functions of sensation from the maxilla, nasal cavity, sinuses, the palate and subsequently that of the mid-face, [1] and is intermediate, both in position and size, between the ophthalmic nerve and the mandibular nerve.
It branches from the infraorbital nerve within the infraorbital canal [1] [2] at around the midpoint of this canal and enters the canalis sinuosus.It passes through towards the nose before passing inferior-ward and ramifying [2] into branches which innervate the upper/maxillary incisor and canine teeth; [1] [2] it usually innervates all the anterior teeth.
The middle superior alveolar nerve or middle superior dental nerve is a nerve that drops from the infraorbital portion of the maxillary nerve to supply the sinus mucosa, the roots of the maxillary premolars, and the mesiobuccal root of the first maxillary molar.
The inferior alveolar nerves supply sensation to the lower teeth, [2]: 519 and, via the mental nerve, sensation to the chin and lower lip. [ citation needed ] The mylohyoid nerve is a motor nerve supplying the mylohyoid and the anterior belly of the digastric .
The maxillary second molar is the tooth located laterally from both the maxillary first molars of the mouth but mesially from both maxillary third molars. This is true only in permanent teeth. In deciduous teeth, the maxillary second molar is the last tooth in the mouth and does not have a third molar behind it.
The lingual nerve supplies general somatic afferent (i.e. general sensory) innervation to the mucous membrane of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue (i.e. body of tongue) (whereas the posterior one-third (i.e. root of tongue) is innervated via the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) [citation needed]), the floor of the oral cavity, and the mandibular/inferior lingual gingiva.