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Drugs can affect sperm parameters by inhibiting normal exocrine functions of the testes which can lead to a decrease in production of sperm, or by creating hormone imbalances. [4] For an example, anti-androgenic drugs like spironolactone, cimetidine, and ketoconazole can disrupt androgens in the glands and seminal tract to cause a decrease in ...
Terms oligospermia, oligozoospermia, and low sperm count refer to semen with a low concentration of sperm [1] and is a common finding in male infertility. Often semen with a decreased sperm concentration may also show significant abnormalities in sperm morphology and motility (technically oligoasthenoteratozoospermia ).
Phthalates, a ubiquitous pollutant, may cause decreased sperm production when having been exposed to it during prenatal development. [8] [11] Other potential xenoestrogens that have been associated with decreased sperm quality in some studies are bisphenol A, nonylphenol and octylphenol. [8]
The volume of the semen sample (must be more than 1.5 ml), approximate number of total sperm cells, sperm motility/forward progression, and % of sperm with normal morphology are measured. It is possible to have hyperspermia (high volume more than 6 ml) or Hypospermia (low volume less than 0.5 ml).
Sperm DNA fragmentation level is higher in men with sperm motility defects (asthenozoospermia) than in men with oligozoospermia or teratozoospermia. [2] Among men with asthenozoospermia, 31% were found to have high levels of DNA fragmentation.
Azoospermia is the medical condition of a man whose semen contains no sperm. [1] It is associated with male infertility, but many forms are amenable to medical treatment.In humans, azoospermia affects about 1% of the male population [2] and may be seen in up to 20% of male infertility situations in Canada.
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The male infertility crisis is an increase in male infertility since the mid-1970s. [1] The issue attracted media attention after a 2017 meta-analysis found that sperm counts in Western countries had declined by 52.4 percent between 1973 and 2011.