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Cyclohexane is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula C 6 H 12. Cyclohexane is non-polar . Cyclohexane is a colourless, flammable liquid with a distinctive detergent -like odor, reminiscent of cleaning products (in which it is sometimes used).
Cyclohexane is the most stable of the cycloalkanes, due to the stability of adapting to its chair conformer. [4] This conformer stability allows cyclohexane to be used as a standard in lab analyses. More specifically, cyclohexane is used as a standard for pharmaceutical reference in solvent analysis of pharmaceutical compounds and raw materials.
Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed. The "(s)" annotation indicates equilibrium temperature of vapor over solid. Otherwise value is equilibrium temperature of vapor over liquid. log 10 of Cyclohexane vapor pressure.
This Wikipedia page provides a comprehensive list of boiling and freezing points for various solvents.
In chemistry, polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end. Polar molecules must contain one or more polar bonds due to a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms.
This arises from the fact that polar solvents stabilize the formation of the carbocation intermediate to a greater extent than the non-polar-solvent conditions. This is apparent in the ΔE a, ΔΔG ‡ activation. On the right is an S N 2 reaction coordinate diagram. Note the decreased ΔG ‡ activation for the non-polar-solvent reaction ...
The polarity, dipole moment, polarizability and hydrogen bonding of a solvent determines what type of compounds it is able to dissolve and with what other solvents or liquid compounds it is miscible. Generally, polar solvents dissolve polar compounds best and non-polar solvents dissolve non-polar compounds best; hence "like dissolves like".
The utility of A-values can be generalized for use outside of cyclohexane conformations. A-values can help predict the steric effect of a substituent. In general, the larger a substituent's A-value, the larger the steric effect of that substituent. A methyl group has an A-value of 1.74 while tert-butyl group has an A-value of ~5.