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The idea behind the metric goes back to government employee John O'Hayre's 1966 manual, titled Gobbledygook Has Gotta Go.In his style manual, O'Hayre proposed a metric that considers shorter sentences and shorter words easier to read: in a 100-word sample, each one-syllable word (with the exception of some stop words) is worth one point, and each sentence (semicolon or period) is worth 3 points.
Holistic grading or holistic scoring, in standards-based education, is an approach to scoring essays using a simple grading structure that bases a grade on a paper's overall quality. [1] This type of grading, which is also described as nonreductionist grading, [ 2 ] contrasts with analytic grading, [ 3 ] which takes more factors into account ...
The automated readability index (ARI) is a readability test for English texts, designed to gauge the understandability of a text. Like the Flesch–Kincaid grade level, Gunning fog index, SMOG index, Fry readability formula, and Coleman–Liau index, it produces an approximate representation of the US grade level needed to comprehend the text.
Tests are more expensive to grade because of this, typically $25–30 per test compared to $2–5, not including the cost of developing the test, typically different every year for every state. Tests are more difficult to grade because they are typically graded against a handful with no more than one or two example papers at each scoring level.
In 1966, he argued [2] for the possibility of scoring essays by computer, and in 1968 he published [3] his successful work with a program called Project Essay Grade (PEG). Using the technology of that time, computerized essay scoring would not have been cost-effective, [4] so Page abated his efforts for
A sample test using an automated Gunning Fog calculator on a random footnote from the text (#51: Dion, vol. I. lxxix. p. 1363. Herodian, l. v. p. 189.) [9] gave an index of 19.2 using only the sentence count, and an index of 12.5 when including independent clauses. This brought down the fog index from post-graduate to high school level. [10]
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Writing assessment refers to an area of study that contains theories and practices that guide the evaluation of a writer's performance or potential through a writing task. Writing assessment can be considered a combination of scholarship from composition studies and measurement theory within educational assessment . [ 1 ]