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Insufficient quality or quantity of night time sleep [5] Obstructive sleep apnea [6] Misalignments of the body's circadian pacemaker with the environment (e.g., jet lag, shift work, or other circadian rhythm sleep disorders) [7] Another underlying sleep disorder, such as narcolepsy, sleep apnea, [8] idiopathic hypersomnia, or restless legs syndrome
Shift work sleep disorder (SWSD) is a circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterized by insomnia, excessive sleepiness, or both affecting people whose work hours overlap with the typical sleep period. Insomnia can be the difficulty to fall asleep or to wake up before the individual has slept enough. [ 1 ]
In general, patients with hypersomnia or excessive sleepiness should only go to bed to sleep or for sexual activity. [56] All other activities, such as eating or watching television, should be done elsewhere. [56] For those patients, it is also important to go to bed only when they feel tired, rather than trying to fall asleep for hours. [56]
Working out before bed may affect sleep, but avoiding rigorous exercise at night may help. Here, experts share how and when to exercise for better rest.
Patients will often need to adapt their lifestyle to avoid situations that might be dangerous while sleepy, such as high risk work, or driving. The risks associated with these activities have been found to be higher for patients with hypersomnias than for those with sleep apnea or severe insomnia.
While sleep quantity is important, good sleep quality is also essential to avoid sleep disorders. [ 7 ] A systematic review found that traumatic childhood experiences, such as family conflict or sexual trauma, significantly increase the risk of several sleep disorders in adulthood, including sleep apnea , narcolepsy , and insomnia .