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Lung nodules can also occur in immune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis or granulomatosis with polyangiitis, or organizing pneumonia. A solitary lung nodule can be found to be an arteriovenous malformation, a hematoma or an infarction zone. It may also be caused by bronchial atresia, sequestration, an inhaled foreign body or pleural plaque.
The non-fibrotic form is typically characterized by ground glass opacities, mosaic attenuation, ill-defined centrilobular nodules (<5 mm), and air trapping. [12] The fibrotic form is typically characterized by irregular linear opacities/coarse reticulations, traction bronchiectasis , and honeycombing , patchy ground-glass attenuation ...
Focal emphysema is associated with the coal macule, and this extends into progressive centrilobular emphysema. Less commonly a variant of panlobular emphysema develops. [44] Silicosis results from the inhalation of silica particles, and the formation of large silica nodules is associated with paracicatricial emphysema, with or without bullae. [45]
The original published definition read as: "Any extended, finely granular pattern of pulmonary opacity within which normal anatomic details are partly obscured; from a fancied resemblance to etched or abraded glass." [23] It was again included in an updated glossary by the Fleischner Society in 2008 with a more detailed definition. [24]
In radiology, the tree-in-bud sign is a finding on a CT scan that indicates some degree of airway obstruction. [1] The tree-in-bud sign is a nonspecific imaging finding that implies impaction within bronchioles, the smallest airway passages in the lung.
Lung nodules, especially centrilobular; Consolidation; Pleural plaques (indicating asbestosis) Dilated esophagus (indicating connective tissue disease) Distal clavicular erosions (indicating rheumatoid arthritis) Extensive lymph node enlargement; Pleural effusion; Pleural thickening (indicating connective tissue disease/drugs)
large rheumatoid nodules single or multiple; tend to be based peripherally; may cavitate (necrobiotic lung nodules) cavitation of a peripheral nodule can lead to pneumothorax or haemopneumothorax. follicular bronchiolitis small centrilobular nodules or tree-in-bud; rare; Caplan syndrome; Echocardiogram (may show pulmonary hypertension)
In medicine, nodules are small firm lumps, usually greater than 1 cm in diameter. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] If filled with fluid they are referred to as cysts . [ 2 ] Smaller (less than 0.5 cm) raised soft tissue bumps may be termed papules .