Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
The interpretation of tests depends on comparing the patients values to published normals from previous studies. Deviation from guidelines can result in false-positive or false negative test results, even though only a small minority of pulmonary function laboratories followed published guidelines for spirometry, lung volumes and diffusing ...
Ventilation facilitates respiration. Respiration refers to the utilization of oxygen and balancing of carbon dioxide by the body as a whole, or by individual cells in cellular respiration. [1] The most important function of breathing is the supplying of oxygen to the body and balancing of the carbon dioxide levels.
This form of analysis detected increased levels of PTOX, and NAD(P)H activity within the plant. [3] An increase in these two molecules led to the initiation of chlororespiration. [3] N-propyl gallate was also added to these water deficit plants. The effect resulted in increased chlorophyll fluorescence levels.
In mammals, physiological respiration involves respiratory cycles of inhaled and exhaled breaths. Inhalation (breathing in) is usually an active movement that brings air into the lungs where the process of gas exchange takes place between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries .
Activity from respiratory brain stem structures then modulates nervous activity to control lung contraction. To exert changes to respiration, and thereby evoke sniffing behavior, volitional centers in the cerebral cortex must stimulate brain stem structures. It is through this simple pathway that the decision to inhale or sniff may occur.
Lung compliance is an important measurement in respiratory physiology. [2] [3] Decreased pulmonary compliance may be associated with fibrosis. Increased pulmonary compliance may be associated with COPD and emphysema due to loss of alveolar and elastic tissue. Pulmonary surfactant increases compliance by decreasing the surface tension of water.
Diffusing capacity of the lung (D L) (also known as transfer factor) measures the transfer of gas from air in the lung, to the red blood cells in lung blood vessels. It is part of a comprehensive series of pulmonary function tests to determine the overall ability of the lung to transport gas into and out of the blood.
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is frequently used as a noninvasive method for investigating vagal tone, in physiological, behavioral, and several clinical studies. [ 16 ] [ 17 ] [ 18 ] This can be done using electrocardiography (ECG) recording, [ 19 ] although other methods are also being developed that take advantage of the interactions ...