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Dissimilatory sulfate reduction is a form of anaerobic respiration that uses sulfate as the terminal electron acceptor to produce hydrogen sulfide. This metabolism is found in some types of bacteria and archaea which are often termed sulfate-reducing organisms. The term "dissimilatory" is used when hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is produced in an ...
The enzyme dissimilatory (bi)sulfite reductase, dsrAB (EC 1.8.99.5), that catalyzes the last step of dissimilatory sulfate reduction, is the functional gene most used as a molecular marker to detect the presence of sulfate-reducing microorganisms. [18]
Sulfate reduction by sulfate-reducing bacteria is dissimilatory; the purpose of reducing the sulfate is to produce energy, and the sulfide is excreted. Dissimilatory sulfate reduction use the enzymes ATP sulfurylase , APS reductase , and sulfite reductase .
Dissimilatory sulfite reductase (EC 1.8.99.5) is an enzyme that participates in sulfur metabolism in dissimilatory sulfate reduction. [1]The enzyme is essential in prokaryotic sulfur-based energy metabolism, including sulfate/sulfite reducing organisms, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, and organosulfonate reducers.
Through the dissimilatory sulfate reduction pathway, sulfate can be reduced either bacterially (bacterial sulfate reduction) or inorganically (thermochemical sulfate reduction). This pathway involves the reduction of sulfate by organic compounds to produce hydrogen sulfide, which occurs in both processes.
Conversely in the process of dissimilatory sulfur oxidation, pyrophosphate combines with APS in a sulfate adenylyltransferase catalyzed reaction to form sulfate. [3] In either direction in which the sulfate adenylyltransferase ( reduction or oxidation ) proceeds along DSR in bacterial cells , the associated pathways are participating in ...
Sulfate reduction and assimilation in plants (APS, adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate; Fdred, Fdox, reduced and oxidized ferredoxin; RSH, RSSR, reduced and oxidized glutathione; SQDG, sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol) Sulfur assimilation is the process by which living organisms incorporate sulfur into their biological molecules. [1]
This process is called dissimilatory sulfate reduction. Reduction of PAPS, a more elaborated sulfate ester, leads also to hydrogen sulfide. But in this case, the product is used in biosynthesis, e.g. for the production of cysteine. The latter process is called assimilatory sulfate reduction because the sulfate sulfur is assimilated. [5]