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The RALES trial established spironolactone as a vital component of therapy for patients with severe heart failure, demonstrating significant reductions in mortality and hospitalization and improvements in symptoms. The trial's findings have been instrumental in shaping current heart failure treatment guidelines and improving patient outcomes.
Heart failure with recovered ejection fraction (HFrecovEF or HFrecEF): patients previously with HFrEF with complete normalization of left ventricular ejection (≥50%). [64] [65] Heart failure may also be classified as acute or chronic. Chronic heart failure is a long-term condition, usually kept stable by the treatment of symptoms.
Measurement sets include: coronary artery disease, hypertension, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, cardiac rehabilitation, myocardial infarction, primary prevention and peripheral arterial disease. In addition, the college has submitted its measures to the National Quality Forum , with the majority of its measures receiving endorsement as ...
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a form of heart failure in which the ejection fraction – the percentage of the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each heartbeat divided by the volume of blood when the left ventricle is maximally filled – is normal, defined as greater than 50%; [1] this may be measured by echocardiography or cardiac catheterization.
In 2014, the American Heart Association issued its first guidelines for preventing strokes in women. [1] Just as heart attack systems differ between men and women, men and women also face different stroke risks. For women, the guidelines for preventing strokes focus on factors such as birth control, pregnancy, and depression. [1]
Sleep apnea is an under-recognized risk factor for heart failure. Uncontrolled sleep apnea may increase the risk of heart failure by up to 140%. [4] Weight reduction – through physical activity and dietary modification, as obesity is a risk factor for heart failure and left ventricular hypertrophy. Effective weight management has been shown ...
Cardiotonic agents are typically employed as short-term and non-routine therapies for heart failure patients. [71] They are specifically reserved for those with contractile dysfunction in the left ventricles (lower chambers of the heart), low cardiac output, and low blood pressure, placing them at risk of inadequate organ perfusion. [72]
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a condition in which the heart becomes enlarged and cannot pump blood effectively. [3] Symptoms vary from none to feeling tired, leg swelling, and shortness of breath. [2] It may also result in chest pain or fainting. [2] Complications can include heart failure, heart valve disease, or an irregular heartbeat. [3] [4]