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Old Japanese: mokkan wooden tablets [98] Poems in the Kojiki (711–712) and Nihon Shoki (720) have been transmitted in copied manuscripts. c. 650–700: Old Udi: Sinai palimpsest M13: c. 683: Old Malay: Kedukan Bukit Inscription [99] 7th century: Bailang: commentary on the Book of the Later Han by Li Xian citing the mostly lost Dongguan Hanji ...
Moreover, although the earliest evidence of Classical Malay had been found in the Malay Peninsula from 1303, Old Malay remained in use as a written language in Sumatra right up to the end of the 14th century, evidenced from Bukit Gombak inscription dated 1357 [11] and Tanjung Tanah manuscript of Adityavarman era (1347–1375). Later research ...
Old Malay is believed to be the actual ancestor of Classical Malay. [16] Old Malay was influenced by Sanskrit, the classical language of India. Sanskrit loan words can be found in Old Malay vocabulary. The earliest known stone inscription in the Old Malay language was found in Sumatra, Indonesia, written in the Pallava variety of the Grantha ...
Indonesia, having multiple regional and native languages, uses the Latin script for writing its own standard of Malay in general. Nonetheless, the Jawi script does have a regional status in native Malay areas such as Riau, Riau archipelago, Jambi, South Sumatra (i.e Palembang Malay language), Aceh, and Kalimantan (i.e. Banjar language).
"Rencong" is thought to be derived from the Old Malay word mèncong, which means oblique or italics. [8] [9] It could also be derived from the word runcing ('sharp'), as this script family was originally written with a sharp knife tip. [10] Regardless of its origin, Western scholars frequently use this term to refer to this family of scripts ...
It records the date of granting of the document being on the 4th of Krishna Paksha (black lunar side), month of Vaishakha, Shaka year 822, corresponding to 21 April 900, [10] and is written in Old Malay containing numerous Sanskrit terms and some Old Javanese and Old Tagalog terms and toponyms. [11] [full citation needed]
It is the oldest surviving specimen of the Malay language, in a form known as Old Malay. [2] It is a small stone of 45 cm × 80 cm (18 in × 31 in). This inscription is dated 1 May 683 CE. This inscription was written in Pallava script. [3] [4] [5]
This form would later evolve into Old Malay when Indian cultures and religions began penetrating the region. Old Malay contained some terms last until today, but remained unintelligible to modern speakers, while the modern language is already largely recognisable in written Classical Malay, which the oldest form dating back to 1303 CE. [108]