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Sometimes, the inverse of a function cannot be expressed by a closed-form formula. For example, if f is the function = , then f is a bijection, and therefore possesses an inverse function f −1. The formula for this inverse has an expression as an infinite sum:
In calculus, the inverse function rule is a formula that expresses the derivative of the inverse of a bijective and differentiable function f in terms of the derivative of f. More precisely, if the inverse of f {\displaystyle f} is denoted as f − 1 {\displaystyle f^{-1}} , where f − 1 ( y ) = x {\displaystyle f^{-1}(y)=x} if and only if f ...
The theorem also gives a formula for the derivative of the inverse function. In multivariable calculus , this theorem can be generalized to any continuously differentiable , vector-valued function whose Jacobian determinant is nonzero at a point in its domain, giving a formula for the Jacobian matrix of the inverse.
Since and the inverse function : are continuous, they have antiderivatives by the fundamental theorem of calculus. Laisant proved that if F {\displaystyle F} is an antiderivative of f {\displaystyle f} , then the antiderivatives of f − 1 {\displaystyle f^{-1}} are:
If the assertions about analyticity are omitted, the formula is also valid for formal power series and can be generalized in various ways: It can be formulated for functions of several variables; it can be extended to provide a ready formula for F(g(z)) for any analytic function F; and it can be generalized to the case ′ =, where the inverse ...
There are three common notations for inverse trigonometric functions. The arcsine function, for instance, could be written as sin −1, asin, or, as is used on this page, arcsin. For each inverse trigonometric integration formula below there is a corresponding formula in the list of integrals of inverse hyperbolic functions.
The previous formula arises in the special case of the constant function α(n) = 1, whose Dirichlet inverse is α −1 (n) = μ(n). A particular application of the first of these extensions arises if we have (complex-valued) functions f(n) and g(n) defined on the positive integers, with
An involution is a function f : X → X that, when applied twice, brings one back to the starting point. In mathematics, an involution, involutory function, or self-inverse function [1] is a function f that is its own inverse, f(f(x)) = x. for all x in the domain of f. [2] Equivalently, applying f twice produces the original value.