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Since then, Indonesia has been facing high urbanization rates driven by rural-urban migration. In 1950, 15% of Indonesia's population lived in urban areas. In 1990, 40 years later, this number doubled to 30%. [2] Indonesia took only another 20 years to increase its urban population to 44% as reported in 2010. [3]
Bandung metropolitan area has more dense urban population than Surabaya metropolitan area. 3 Surabaya: 912 6,556,000 Surabaya metropolitan area has a larger population than Bandung metropolitan area, but comprises more rural areas than the later. 4 Medan: 479 4,027,000 Medan is the largest urban area outside of Java island.
Population figures are taken from the 2020 census and the more recent official estimates as at mid 2023, all by Statistics Indonesia (BPS). [1] Jakarta is the largest city and the only megacity in Indonesia, with a population of 10.70 million. As a primate city, Jakarta is nearly four times larger than the second largest city Surabaya.
Source: Population Census 2010, [2] except for final column, taken from Population Census 2020. Note: (a) North Kalimantan province was created in 2012 (by separation from East Kalimantan province); the 2010 total figures given are those for the provinces as they were following that splitting (Urban % and Total Fertility Rate columns unadjusted).
The proportion of the core city's (Jakarta) population to that of the entire metropolitan area also declined significantly. In 2020, the population of Jakarta was only 30.4% of the total population of the Jakarta metropolitan area, continuing the decline from 54.6% in 1990 to 43.2% in 2000 and 35.5% in 2010.
The statistic shows that about 50% of Indonesia's population currently lives in an urban area, the other half lives in a rural area. Classification is based on a score calculated from the density of population, percentage of households working in agriculture, and availability of city facilities such as schools, markets, hospitals, paved roads, and electricity.
Jakarta was the only city granted the kotaraya status, due to its function as the capital of Indonesia. [8] The terms kotaraya and kotapraja had been abolished since 1974, and kotamadya was used for most of urban areas in Indonesia up to 1999. Jakarta continued to be the only urban area with a province status. [9]
According to the 2019 report by the Ministry of Home Affairs, there are 8,488 urban villages and 74,953 rural villages in Indonesia. [1] North Aceh Regency contained the highest number of rural villages (852) amongst all of the regencies of Indonesia, followed by Pidie Regency with 730 rural villages and Bireuen Regency with 609 rural villages.