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Sparta [1] was a prominent city-state in Laconia in ancient Greece. In antiquity, the city-state was known as Lacedaemon ( Λακεδαίμων , Lakedaímōn ), while the name Sparta referred to its main settlement in the valley of Evrotas river in Laconia, in southeastern Peloponnese . [ 2 ]
Eurotas River. According to myth, the first king of the region later to be called Laconia, but then called Lelegia was the eponymous King Lelex.He was followed, according to tradition, by a series of kings allegorizing several traits of later-to-be Sparta and Laconia, such as the Kings Myles, Eurotas, Lacedaemon and Amyclas of Sparta.
The Spartan Constitution (or Spartan politeia) are the government and laws of the classical Greek city-state of Sparta.All classical Greek city-states had a politeia; the politeia of Sparta however, was noted by many classical authors for its unique features, which supported a rigidly layered social system and a strong hoplite army.
Athens' parallel rise as a significant power in Greece led to friction between herself with Sparta and two large-scale conflicts (the First and Second Peloponnesian Wars), which devastated Greece. Sparta suffered several defeats during these wars, including, for the first time, the surrender of an entire Spartan unit at Sphacteria in 425 BC ...
It was lost by Sparta in 338 after Philip II's campaign in the Peloponnese. [21] Pharai: The city was lost by Sparta in 338 after Philip II's campaign in the Peloponnese. [22] Thalamai: the city was also listed as belonging to Laconia by ancient authors. [22] Thouria, one of the only two perioecic cities with Aithaia to join the Helot Revolt of ...
Greece has uncovered ancient ruins that may be linked to Sparta in the time of the ancient Mycenaean civilization.
Lycurgus (/ l aɪ ˈ k ɜːr ɡ ə s /; Ancient Greek: Λυκοῦργος Lykourgos) was the legendary lawgiver of Sparta, credited with the formation of its eunomia (' good order '), [1] involving political, economic, and social reforms to produce a military-oriented Spartan society in accordance with the Delphic oracle.
These armies maintained Sparta military rule of a large area of southern Greece, from the Second Messenian War (650 BC), until the end of the short-lived Spartan hegemony (404-371 BC). A certain income was required to maintain syssitia membership, and thus Spartiate status. Rising inequality within the tiny Spartiate elite meant that many fell ...