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Coeliac disease (British English) or celiac disease (American English) is a long-term autoimmune disorder, primarily affecting the small intestine, where individuals develop intolerance to gluten, present in foods such as wheat, rye and barley. [10]
Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1, also known as HLA-DQB1, is a human gene and also denotes the genetic locus that contains this gene. [5] The protein encoded by this gene is one of two proteins that are required to form the DQ heterodimer, a cell surface receptor essential to the function of the immune system.
Celiac disease affects ~1% of the population in most parts of the world. [3] Ninety to one hundred percent of patients with coeliac disease have inherited genes at the HLA-DQ locus that encode HLA-DQ2 and/or HLA-DQ8 serotype proteins. [12] About 2–3% of individuals who inherit these HLA-DQ2 and/or HLA-DQ8 serotypes develop coeliac disease. [10]
In humans, celiac disease DQ2.5/DQ2 homozygotes are several times more likely to have celiac disease versus DQ2.5/DQX individuals. [3] DQ2/DQ2 homozygotes are at elevated risk for severe complications of disease. [4] For an explanation of the risk association see:Talk:HLA-DQ#Effects of heterogeneity of isoform pairing-Expanded
Perhaps Domino's, and every other chain jumping on the gluten-free bandwagon, has it right; researchers from the Mayo Clinic estimate that about 1.8 million Americans have celiac disease.
The results of a 2017 study suggest that non-celiac gluten sensitivity may be a chronic disorder, as is the case with celiac disease. [ 42 ] For people with wheat allergy , the individual average is six years of gluten-free diet, excepting persons with anaphylaxis, for whom the diet is to be wheat-free for life.
For 1 year, Dylan Dreyer's son, Cal, had stomach pains, rash, lost hair, ear pain. Tests revealed he had Celiac disease. The family is gluten-free to help Cal thrive
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institutes of Health’s National Cancer Institute also agree on the link between alcohol and at least seven types of cancer.