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For much of its history since 1935, the Philippines has been governed as a presidential unitary republic.The term "general election" is not predominantly used in the Philippines, but for the purposes of this article, a "general election" may refer to an election day where the presidency or at least a class of members of Congress are on the ballot.
The Constitution of the Philippines (Filipino: Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas or Konstitusyon ng Pilipinas) is the supreme law of the Philippines. Its final draft was completed by the Constitutional Commission on October 12, 1986, and ratified by a nationwide plebiscite on February 2, 1987. The Constitution remains unamended to this day.
There were a few attempts to nationally elect local officials during the Spanish colonial period. Following the defeat of Spain in the Spanish–American War and the Philippines later in the Philippine–American War, the Captaincy General of the Philippines and the First Philippine Republic were replaced by the Insular Government of the Philippine Islands (which was established by the United ...
The 1992 election was the first election under the new constitution and elections are held every six years thereafter. Fidel V. Ramos won the 1992 election with just 23% of the vote, the lowest plurality in history; it also ushered in the multi-party system of the Fifth Republic. Thereafter, no winner has won via a majority, although each has ...
United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines in the presence of then Philippine Senate President Manuel L. Quezon. The new constitution created under this act was approved on January 31, 1935, [54]: 43 and was adopted the next day. The first elections were held on September 17.
The United States granted independence to the Philippines on July 4, 1946. In Republic Act No. 180, or the Revised Election Code of 1947, if a vacancy in either chamber of Congress occurs at least 10 months or before a regular election, the president shall call a special election as soon as the chamber where the vacancy occurred of the existence of such vacancy notified him.
National and local elections began to be held on the same day from May 1992, following the passage of Republic Act (RA) 7166. [51]: 757 The country has a voting age of 18. [63] Under the 1987 constitution all registered parties are allowed poll watchers, whereas under the previous system poll watchers were only allowed from the two main parties.
The 1987 Philippine legislative election was the first general election in the Philippines since the People Power Revolution and the approval of the 1987 constitution. The election was for the restored bicameral Congress of the Philippines. All winners' terms are from June 30, 1987, up to June 30, 1992.