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Cleaning symbiosis is a relationship between a pair of animals of different species, involving the removal and subsequent ingestion of ectoparasites, diseased and injured tissue, and unwanted food items from the surface of the host organism (the client) by the cleaning organism (the cleaner). [5]
The name combines the Ancient Greek αγάπη agape meaning "love" and όρνις ornis meaning "bird". [5] The type species is the black-collared lovebird (Agapornis swindernianus), [6] which was originally placed into the genus Psittacus within a section called Psittacula by naturalist Heinrich Kuhl. [4]
Animal communication is a rapidly growing area of study in disciplines including animal behavior, sociology, neurology, and animal cognition. Many aspects of animal behavior, such as symbolic name use, emotional expression, learning, and sexual behavior , are being understood in new ways.
Like other animal species, early hominins probably used these birds as beacons signalling the location of meat, in the form of carcasses, in the landscape. [16] Cormorant fishing is a traditional fishing method in which trained cormorants are used to catch fish in rivers.
Human to animal contact is known to reduce the physiological characteristics of stress. The human–animal bond can occur between people and domestic or wild animals; be it a cat as a pet or birds outside one's window. The phrase "Human-Animal Bond" also known as HAB began to emerge as terminology in the late 1970s and early 1980s. [16]
While terrestrial animals often have a uniform method of producing and detecting sounds, aquatic animals have a range of mechanisms to produce and detect both vocal and non-vocal sounds. [7] In terms of sound production, fish can produce sounds such as boat-whistles, grunts and croaks using their swim bladder or pectoral fin.
Bird: Bird species are typically biparental in care, and may also be maternal like the Guianan cock-of-the-rocks. However the reverse may also hold true. Male wattled jacanas provide all parental care after the eggs have been laid by the females. This means that the males must incubate the eggs and defend the nest for an extended period of time.
Social learning refers to learning that is facilitated by observation of, or interaction with, another animal or its products. [1] Social learning has been observed in a variety of animal taxa, [2] [3] such as insects, [4] fish, [5] birds, [6] reptiles, amphibians [7] and mammals (including primates [8]).