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The primary scripture of Sikhism, the Guru Granth Sahib, is written in Gurmukhī, in various dialects and languages often subsumed under the generic title Sant Bhasha [8] or "saint language", in addition to other languages like Persian and various phases of Indo-Aryan languages.
Surdas's poetry was written in a dialect of Hindi called Braj Bhasha, until then considered to be a very plebeian language, as the prevalent literary languages were either Persian or Sanskrit. His work raised the status of the Braj Bhasha from a crude language to that of a literary one.
[6] [4] These are set in the form of hymns and poems mostly in the Braj Bhasha (Old western Hindi), [6] with some parts in Avadhi, Punjabi, Hindi, and the Persian language. [4] The script is almost entirely the Gurmukhi script except for the letter of the Sikh Guru to Aurangzeb – Zafarnama , and the Hikayat in the Persian script .
Maithili Sharan Gupt [1] (3 August 1886 – 12 December 1964 [2]) was one of the most important modern Hindi poets. [3] He is considered one among the pioneers of Khari Boli (plain dialect) poetry and wrote in Khari Boli dialect, [2] at a time when most Hindi poets favoured the use of Braj Bhasha dialect. [4]
Sant Bhasha (Gurmukhi: ਸੰਤ-ਭਾਸ਼ਾ; romanized: Sant Bhāṣā; lit. ' language of saints ' ) is a liturgical and scriptural language composed of vocabulary common to northern Indian languages , which was extensively used by saints and poets to compose religious verses.
Newar (English: / n ə ˈ w ɑː r /; 𑐣𑐾𑐥𑐵𑐮 𑐨𑐵𑐲𑐵 , nepāla bhāṣā) [5] is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by the Newar people, the indigenous inhabitants of Nepal Mandala, which consists of the Kathmandu Valley and surrounding regions in Nepal.
The Bachittar Natak is part of the Dasam Granth, [3] the second holy scripture of Sikhism. [3] The composition covers various aspects, including the lineage of Guru Gobind Singh, [5] the persecution of Guru Tegh Bahadur, the author's own rebirth, [3] and the defense and spread of dharma (righteousness).
Among the different scripts based on Nepal script, Ranjana (meaning "delightful"), Bhujinmol ("fly-headed") and Prachalit ("ordinary") are the most common. [25] [26] Ranjana is the most ornate among the scripts. It is most commonly used to write Buddhist texts and inscribe mantras on prayer wheels, shrines, temples, and monasteries.