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The oldest surviving manual on western swordsmanship dates back to the 14th century, [1] although historical references date fencing schools back to the 12th century. [2] [3] [4] Modern fencing originated in the 18th century, influenced by the Italian school of fencing of the Renaissance as modified by the French school. [5] [6]
The tradition of fencing out unwanted livestock prevails even today in some sparsely populated areas. For example, until the mid-20th century, most states in the American West were called "open range" ("fence out") states, in contrast to Eastern and Midwestern states which long had "fence in" laws where livestock must be confined by their owners.
Fence cutting soon erupted as a result of the cattlemen with vast lands using barbed wire to fence their land, cutting off roads and access to public lands. The cuttings were well organized, with armed guards posted to protect the men while they worked. [12] In 1883, fence cutting was reported in more than half the counties in Texas. [13]
Barbed wire was important in protecting range rights in the Western U.S. Although some ranchers put notices in newspapers claiming land areas, and joined stockgrowers associations to help enforce their claims, livestock continued to cross range boundaries. Fences of smooth wire did not hold stock well, and hedges were difficult to grow and ...
I. Barbed-Wire Fence-Makers 1. Threshold of Promise 2. Prelude to 1874 3. Incident at De Kalb 4. "Prior-Use" Fences 5. Promoting Barbed Wire 6. Moonshine and Monopoly 7. Patent Litigation 8. Barbed-Wire Barons. II. Barbed-Wire Fence-Builders 9. "This Cockeyed World of Cattle Fold" 10. "The Big Die-up" 11. "King of the Coasters" and Brother Jon 12.
A fence is a structure that encloses an area, typically outdoors, and is usually constructed from posts that are connected by boards, wire, rails or netting. [1] A fence differs from a wall in not having a solid foundation along its whole length. [2] Alternatives to fencing include a ditch (sometimes filled with water, forming a moat).