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A graphical abstract (or visual abstract [1]) is a graphical or visual equivalent of a written abstract. [2] [3] Graphical abstracts are a single image and are designed to help the reader to quickly gain an overview on a scholarly paper, research article, thesis or review: and to quickly ascertain the purpose and results of a given research, as well as the salient details of authors and journal.
During the late 2000s, due to the influence of computer storage and retrieval systems such as the Internet, some scientific publications, primarily those published by Elsevier, started including graphical abstracts alongside the text abstracts. [27] The graphic is intended to summarize or be an exemplar for the main thrust of the article.
A mind map is a diagram used to visually organize information into a hierarchy, showing relationships among pieces of the whole. [1] It is often based on a single concept, drawn as an image in the center of a blank page, to which associated representations of ideas such as images, words and parts of words are added.
Executive summaries are important as a communication tool in both academia and business. For example, members of Texas A&M University's Department of Agricultural Economics observe that "An executive summary is an initial interaction between the writers of the report and their target readers: decision makers, potential customers, and/or peers.
On the other hand, Lowe (1993) defined diagrams as specifically "abstract graphic portrayals of the subject matter they represent". [ 3 ] In the specific sense diagrams and charts contrast with computer graphics , technical illustrations, infographics , maps, and technical drawings , by showing "abstract rather than literal representations of ...
The last also used the typewriter to create abstract patterns (which he called tiksels), using not just letters but also purely linear elements. [8] Created during the 1920s, they anticipated the intermediary 'typestracts' of the concrete poet Dom Sylvester Houédard during the 1960s [9] that would equally qualify as visual poetry.
Fig.1: Wineglass model for IMRaD structure. The above scheme shows how to line up the information in IMRaD writing. It has two characteristics: the first is its top-bottom symmetric shape; the second is its change of width, meaning the top is wide, and it narrows towards the middle, and then widens again as it goes down toward the bottom.
Abstract submission involves the authors in preparing their abstracts and sending them to the conference organisers through an online form. The abstracts are either uploaded as documents (typically Microsoft Word, PDF or LaTeX) or, where graphics and tables are not required, they may simply be entered into the form as plain text. The software ...