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The Borate Minerals are minerals which contain a borate anion group. The borate (BO 3) units may be polymerised similar to the SiO 4 unit of the silicate mineral class. This results in B 2 O 5, B 3 O 6, B 2 O 4 anions as well as more complex structures which include hydroxide or halogen anions. [2] The [B(O,OH) 4] − anion exists as well.
Borate ions occur, alone or with other anions, in many borate and borosilicate minerals such as borax, boracite, ulexite (boronatrocalcite) and colemanite. Borates also occur in seawater, where they make an important contribution to the absorption of low frequency sound in seawater. [1] Borates also occur in plants, including almost all fruits. [2]
Sassolite is a borate mineral, specifically the mineral form of boric acid. It is usually white to gray, and colourless in transmitted light. It can also take on a yellow colour from sulfur impurities, or brown from iron oxides. [2]
Boracite is a magnesium borate mineral with formula: Mg 3 B 7 O 13 Cl. It occurs as blue green, colorless, gray, yellow to white crystals in the orthorhombic - pyramidal crystal system. Boracite also shows pseudo-isometric cubical and octahedral forms.
Painite is a very rare borate mineral. It was first found in Myanmar by British mineralogist and gem dealer Arthur C.D. Pain who misidentified it as ruby, until it was discovered as a new gemstone in the 1950s. When it was confirmed as a new mineral species, the mineral was named after him. [3]
Chambersite is a manganese borate mineral with formula Mn 3 B 7 O 13 Cl. It is a member of the borate mineral series [5] that includes other minerals such as ericaite (Fe 3 B 7 O 13 Cl) and boracite (Mg 3 B 7 O 13 Cl). [6] When chambersite was first discovered, it was the second chemical analogue of boracite to be found in nature. [7]
Tincalconite is a hydrous sodium borate mineral closely related to borax, and is a secondary mineral that forms as a dehydration product of borax. Its formula is Na 2 B 4 O 7 ·5H 2 O or Na 2 [B 4 O 5 (OH) 4]·3H 2 O. Tincalconite typically occurs as a fine grained white powder.
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH, PVA, or PVAl) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer. It has the idealized formula [CH 2 CH(OH)] n . It is used in papermaking , textile warp sizing , as a thickener and emulsion stabilizer in polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive formulations, in a variety of coatings, and 3D printing .