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It consists of three separate but related issues: data alignment, data structure padding, and packing. The CPU in modern computer hardware performs reads and writes to memory most efficiently when the data is naturally aligned , which generally means that the data's memory address is a multiple of the data size.
In cryptography, padding is any of a number of distinct practices which all include adding data to the beginning, middle, or end of a message prior to encryption. In classical cryptography, padding may include adding nonsense phrases to a message to obscure the fact that many messages end in predictable ways, e.g. sincerely yours.
In computational complexity theory, the padding argument is a tool to conditionally prove that if some complexity classes are equal, then some other bigger classes are also equal. Example [ edit ]
Mihir Bellare gives sufficient conditions for a padding scheme to possess to ensure that the MD construction is secure: it suffices that the scheme be "MD-compliant" (the original length-padding scheme used by Merkle is an example of MD-compliant padding). [1]: 145 The conditions are: M is a prefix of Pad(M).
In cryptography, Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding (OAEP) is a padding scheme often used together with RSA encryption. OAEP was introduced by Bellare and Rogaway , [ 1 ] and subsequently standardized in PKCS#1 v2 and RFC 2437.
The circular padding is where the pixel outside wraps around to the other side of the image. If H {\displaystyle H} is not expressible as k s + f {\displaystyle ks+f} where k {\displaystyle k} is an integer, then for computing the entries of the output tensor on the boundaries, max pooling would attempt to take as inputs variables off the tensor.
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The one-time-pad is one of the most practical methods of encryption where one or both parties must do all work by hand, without the aid of a computer. This made it important in the pre-computer era, and it could conceivably still be useful in situations where possession of a computer is illegal or incriminating or where trustworthy computers ...