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OpenSSL is a software library for applications that provide secure communications over computer networks against eavesdropping, and identify the party at the other end. It is widely used by Internet servers, including the majority of HTTPS websites. OpenSSL contains an open-source implementation of the SSL and TLS protocols.
Some but not all disk encryption software (see comparison of disk encryption software) 7-Zip [14] Apache.htpasswd "APR1" and OpenSSL "passwd" use 1000 rounds of MD5 key stretching. KeePass and KeePassXC, open-source password manager utilities. As of 2020, the latest version uses Argon2d with default 1 second key stretching delay. [15] [16]
The /etc/passwd file typically has file system permissions that allow it to be readable by all users of the system (world-readable), although it may only be modified by the superuser or by using a few special purpose privileged commands. The /etc/passwd file is a text file with one record per line, each describing a user account.
The salt and hash are then stored in the database. To later test if a password a user enters is correct, the same process can be performed on it (appending that user's salt to the password and calculating the resultant hash): if the result does not match the stored hash, it could not have been the correct password that was entered.
Data Protection Application Programming Interface (DPAPI) is a simple cryptographic application programming interface available as a built-in component in Windows 2000 and later versions of Microsoft Windows operating systems. In theory, the Data Protection API can enable symmetric encryption of any kind of data; in practice, its primary use in ...
ssh-keygen is a standard component of the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol suite found on Unix, Unix-like and Microsoft Windows computer systems used to establish secure shell sessions between remote computers over insecure networks, through the use of various cryptographic techniques. The ssh-keygen utility is used to generate, manage, and convert ...
For CFB-8, an all-zero IV and an all-zero plaintext, causes 1/256 of keys to generate no encryption, plaintext is returned as ciphertext. [10] For OFB-8, using all zero initialization vector will generate no encryption for 1/256 of keys. [11] OFB-8 encryption returns the plaintext unencrypted for affected keys.
The Encrypting File System (EFS) on Microsoft Windows is a feature introduced in version 3.0 of NTFS [1] that provides filesystem-level encryption.The technology enables files to be transparently encrypted to protect confidential data from attackers with physical access to the computer.