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[7] In HIV-1, the 5'UTR region has been characterized according to functional and structural differences into several sub-regions: TAR, or trans-activation response element, plays a critical role in transcriptional activation via its interaction with viral proteins.
The genome and proteins of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) have been the subject of extensive research since the discovery of the virus in 1983. [1] [2] "In the search for the causative agent, it was initially believed that the virus was a form of the Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), which was known at the time to affect the human immune system and cause certain leukemias.
The 5′ untranslated region (also known as 5′ UTR, leader sequence, transcript leader, or leader RNA) is the region of a messenger RNA (mRNA) that is directly upstream from the initiation codon. This region is important for the regulation of translation of a transcript by differing mechanisms in viruses , prokaryotes and eukaryotes .
Although they are called untranslated regions, and do not form the protein-coding region of the gene, uORFs located within the 5' UTR can be translated into peptides. [1] The 5' UTR is upstream from the coding sequence. Within the 5' UTR is a sequence that is recognized by the ribosome which allows the ribosome to bind and initiate translation.
This region contains the gene for the MCP subset of CC chemokines. The CCL7 gene has been given the locus symbol SCYA7. [4] The gene consists of three exons and two introns. The first exon contains a 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR), the information for the signal sequence (23 amino acids), and the mature protein's first two amino acids.
hnRNP A1's pro-viral effect is present in the Sindbis virus (a positive sense RNA virus) infection model. hnRNP A1 has been found redistributed in the cytoplasmic site of viral replication bound to the 5’ UTR region of the viral RNA, promoting synthesis of negative-strand RNA. hnRNP A1 has a similar role in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus ...
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