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Mechanical ventilation is often a life-saving intervention, but carries potential complications. A common complication of positive pressure ventilation stemming directly from the ventilator settings include volutrauma and barotrauma. [11] [12] Others include pneumothorax, subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and pneumoperitoneum.
The therapy is an alternative to positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Both modalities stent open the alveoli in the lungs and thus recruit more of the lung surface area for ventilation. However, while PEEP refers to devices that impose positive pressure only at the end of the exhalation , CPAP devices apply continuous positive airway ...
Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is the pressure in the lungs (alveolar pressure) above atmospheric pressure (the pressure outside of the body) that exists at the end of expiration. [1] The two types of PEEP are extrinsic PEEP (PEEP applied by a ventilator) and intrinsic PEEP (PEEP caused by an incomplete exhalation).
Modes of mechanical ventilation are one of the most important aspects of the usage of mechanical ventilation.The mode refers to the method of inspiratory support. In general, mode selection is based on clinician familiarity and institutional preferences, since there is a paucity of evidence indicating that the mode affects clinical outcome.
It is generally regarded, based on animal models and human studies, that volutrauma is the most harmful aspect of mechanical ventilation. [2] [3] [4] This may be regarded as the over-stretching of the airways and alveoli. [citation needed] During mechanical ventilation, the flow of gas into the lung will take the path of least resistance.
Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), which delivers air at a given pressure at the end of the expiratory cycle, can reduce edema and keep alveoli from collapsing. [13] PEEP is considered necessary with mechanical ventilation; however, if the pressure is too great it can expand the size of the contusion [17] and injure the lung. [39]
The primary treatment involves mechanical ventilation together with treatments directed at the underlying cause. [1] Ventilation strategies include using low volumes and low pressures. [1] If oxygenation remains insufficient, lung recruitment maneuvers and neuromuscular blockers may be used. [1]
Positive airway pressure (PAP) is a mode of respiratory ventilation used in the treatment of sleep apnea.PAP ventilation is also commonly used for those who are critically ill in hospital with respiratory failure, in newborn infants (), and for the prevention and treatment of atelectasis in patients with difficulty taking deep breaths.