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Under single-winner plurality voting, and in systems based on single-member districts, plurality voting is called single member [district] plurality (SMP), [2] [3] which is widely known as "first-past-the-post". In SMP/FPTP the leading candidate, whether or not they have a majority of votes, is elected. [4]
Plurality block voting is a type of block voting method for multi-winner elections. Each voter may cast as many votes as the number of seats to be filled. [ 1 ] The candidates with the most votes are elected.
Thus, it is a stronger requirement than plurality (yet weaker than absolute majority). [4] [5] An absolute majority (also a majority) is a number of votes "greater than the number of votes that possibly can be obtained at the same time for any other solution", [a] when voting for multiple alternatives at a time [6] [b]
First-past-the-post (FPTP)—also called choose-one, first-preference plurality (FPP), or simply plurality—is a single-winner voting rule. Voters mark one candidate as their favorite, or first-preference , and the candidate with the most first-preference marks (a plurality ) is elected, regardless of whether they have over half of votes (a ...
The simplest, known as "plurality," has historically been the default, and still dominates as the voting method for U.S. public elections. Plurality allows each voter only to vote for a single ...
The two-round system (TRS or 2RS), sometimes called ballotage, top-two runoff, or two-round plurality, [1] is a single-winner voting method involving two rounds by choose-one voting, where the voter marks a single favorite candidate. The two candidates with the most votes in the first round then move on to a second round.
For example, if candidate A1 receives 30% of the votes, similar candidate A2 receives another 30% of the votes, and dissimilar candidate B receives the remaining 40% of the votes, plurality voting declares candidate B as the winner, even though 60% of the voters prefer either candidate A1 or A2.
The 1990 Irish presidential election provides a simple example of how instant-runoff voting can produce a different result from first-past-the-post voting and prevent some spoiler effects associated with plurality voting. The three major candidates were Brian Lenihan of Fianna Fáil, Austin Currie of Fine Gael, and Mary Robinson of the Labour ...