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  2. Common law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_law

    Common law courts usually use an adversarial system, in which two sides present their cases to a neutral judge. [98] [99] For example, in criminal cases, in adversarial systems, the prosecutor and adjudicator are two separate people. The prosecutor is lodged in the executive branch, and conducts the investigation to locate evidence.

  3. Court of Common Pleas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court_of_Common_Pleas

    A court of common pleas is a common kind of court structure found in various common law jurisdictions. The form originated with the Court of Common Pleas at Westminster, [citation needed] which was created to permit individuals to press civil grievances against one another that did not involve the King.

  4. List of national legal systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_national_legal_systems

    Based on English common law. United States: Federal courts and 49 states use the legal system based on English common law, which has diverged somewhat since the mid-nineteenth century in that they look to each other's cases for guidance on issues of the first impression and rarely, if ever, look at contemporary cases on the same issue in the UK ...

  5. Court of Common Pleas (England) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court_of_Common_Pleas...

    The Court of Common Pleas, or Common Bench, was a common law court in the English legal system that covered "common pleas"; actions between subject and subject, which did not concern the king. Created in the late 12th to early 13th century after splitting from the Exchequer of Pleas , the Common Pleas served as one of the central English courts ...

  6. English law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_law

    English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The judiciary is independent , and legal principles like fairness , equality before the law , and the right to a fair trial are foundational to the system.

  7. Federal common law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_common_law

    Federal common law is a term of United States law used to describe common law that is developed by the federal courts, instead of by the courts of the various states. Ever since Louis Brandeis , writing for the Supreme Court of the United States in Erie Railroad v.

  8. Mechanisms of the English common law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanisms_of_the_English...

    Thus, common law is declaratory, and this is often retrospective in effect. For example, see Shaw v DPP [1] and R v Knuller. [2] In the search for justice and fairness, there is a tension between the needs for, on one hand, predictability and stability, and "up-to date law", on the other. [3] There is a hierarchy of courts, and a hierarchy of ...

  9. Common-law marriage in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common-law_marriage_in_the...

    The Court ruled that, while CNMI statute provides that (English) common law provides the rule of decision in the absence of statutory law or customary law to the contrary, Petitioner did not argue that her marriage was a marriage under customary law but a marriage under common law; thus, whereas a validly contracted marriage under Carolinian or ...

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