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Cephalic disorders (from Greek κεφαλή 'head') are congenital conditions that stem from damage to, or abnormal development of, the budding nervous system.. Cephalic disorders are not necessarily caused by a single factor, but may be influenced by hereditary or genetic conditions, nutritional deficiencies, or by environmental exposures during pregnancy, such as medication taken by the ...
Microcephaly was present in 7 children from a group of 11 pregnant women at 11–17 weeks of gestation who survived the blast at less than 1.2 km (0.75 mi) from ground zero. [57] Due to their proximity to the bomb, the pregnant women's in utero children received a biologically significant radiation dose that was relatively high due to the ...
Scaphocephaly or sagittal craniosynostosis is a type of cephalic disorder which occurs when there is a premature fusion of the sagittal suture. Premature closure results in limited lateral expansion of the skull, resulting in a characteristic long, narrow head. [1] The skull base is typically spared. [2]
Colpocephaly is a cephalic disorder involving the disproportionate enlargement of the occipital horns of the lateral ventricles and is usually diagnosed early after birth due to seizures. It is a nonspecific finding and is associated with multiple neurological syndromes , including agenesis of the corpus callosum , Chiari malformation ...
Anencephaly is the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp that occurs during embryonic development. [1] It is a cephalic disorder that results from a neural tube defect that occurs when the rostral (head) end of the neural tube fails to close, usually between the 23rd and 26th day following conception. [2]
Cebocephaly causes: two separate eyes set close together [1] a small, flat nose with a single nostril [1] ear abnormalities [2] mouth abnormalities (such as microstomia) [1] The presence of a nasal septum precludes a diagnosis of cebocephaly. [3] Cebocephaly may cause malformations of the sphenoid and ethmoid bones behind the orbit. [1]
The term childhood disease refers to disease that is contracted or becomes symptomatic before the age of 18 or 21 years old. Many of these diseases can also be contracted by adults. Some childhood diseases include:
Macrocephaly is a condition in which circumference of the human head is abnormally large. [1] It may be pathological or harmless, and can be a familial genetic characteristic. . People diagnosed with macrocephaly will receive further medical tests to determine whether the syndrome is accompanied by particular disorde