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In number theory, a Heegner number (as termed by Conway and Guy) is a square-free positive integer d such that the imaginary quadratic field [] has class number 1. Equivalently, the ring of algebraic integers of Q [ − d ] {\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} \left[{\sqrt {-d}}\right]} has unique factorization .
Let Q denote the set of rational numbers, and let d be a square-free integer. The field Q(√ d) is a quadratic extension of Q. The class number of Q(√ d) is one if and only if the ring of integers of Q(√ d) is a principal ideal domain. The Baker–Heegner–Stark theorem can then be stated as follows:
Kurt Heegner was a German mathematician; Heegner points are special points on elliptic curves; The Stark–Heegner theorem identifies the imaginary quadratic fields of class number 1. A Heegner number is a number n such that Q(√ −n) is an imaginary quadratic field of class number 1.
Kurt Heegner (German: [ˈheːɡnɐ]; 16 December 1893 – 2 February 1965) was a German private scholar from Berlin, who specialized in radio engineering and mathematics. He is famous for his mathematical discoveries in number theory and, in particular, the Stark–Heegner theorem .
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These topics are basic to the field, either as prototypical examples, or as basic objects of study. Algebraic number field. Gaussian integer, Gaussian rational; Quadratic field
That is because what enters the analytic formula for the class number is not h, the class number, on its own — but h log ε, where ε is a fundamental unit. This extra factor is hard to control. It may well be the case that class number 1 for real quadratic fields occurs infinitely often.
The phenomenon is related to the Ulam spiral, which is also implicitly quadratic, and the class number; this polynomial is related to the Heegner number =. There are analogous polynomials for p = 2 , 3 , 5 , 11 and 17 {\displaystyle p=2,3,5,11{\text{ and }}17} (the lucky numbers of Euler ), corresponding to other Heegner numbers.