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The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is a parasitic lamprey native to the Northern Hemisphere. It is sometimes referred to as the "vampire fish". In its original habitats, the sea lamprey coevolved with its hosts, and those hosts evolved a measure of resistance to the sea lampreys.
Sea lamprey is the most sought-after species in Portugal and one of only two that can legally bear the commercial name "lamprey" (lampreia): the other one being Lampetra fluviatilis, the European river lamprey, both according to Portaria (Government regulation no. 587/2006, from 22 June).
The threat to native species is primarily caused by impacts on the food web; however, invasive species also bring dangerous pathogens and physically interfere with existing aquatic life. [2] Invasive species include sea lampreys, zebra mussels, smallmouth bass, European green crab, vase tunicate, and sea squirts.
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TFM (3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol) is a common piscicide, i.e., a fish poison used to combat parasitic and invasive species of fish. [1]The substance was discovered in 1958 when researching means to combat sea lampreys and it currently remains the primary lampricide (lamprey-killer) in the Great Lakes area.
Native species Chestnut lamprey, Ichthyomyzon castaneus [94] Southern brook lamprey, Ichthyomyzon gagei [95] Silver lamprey, ichthyomyzon unicuspis [96] Least brook lamprey, Lampetra aepyptera [97] American brook lamprey, Lenthenteron appendix [98] Non-native, exotic species Sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus
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One lampricide is used in the headwaters of Lake Champlain and the Great Lakes to control the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), an invasive species to these lakes. [1] TFM (3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol) is the main chemical used for this purpose. As it is hydrophobic, it passes through biological membranes. [2]