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Justice as Fairness: Political not Metaphysical" is an essay by John Rawls, published in 1985. [1] In it he describes his conception of justice. It comprises two main principles of liberty and equality; the second is subdivided into fair equality of opportunity and the difference principle .
Abbott, Lewis F. Defending Liberty: The Case for a New Bill of Rights Archived 2024-05-20 at the Wayback Machine ISR Publications 2019. Alexander, Keith L. Lawsuit Seeks Right to Carry Concealed Weapons in the District Archived 2016-11-17 at the Wayback Machine. Www.washingtonpost.com. The Washington Post, 8 Aug. 2009. Web. 29 Sept. 2009.
It is considered by some that the sole purpose of government is the protection of life, liberty , and property. [15] Some thinkers have argued that the concepts of self-ownership and cognitive liberty affirm rights to choose the food one eats, [16] [17] the medicine one takes, [18] [19] [20] and the habit one indulges. [21] [22] [23]
The assertion that people have a claim right to liberty – i.e. that people are obliged only to refrain from preventing each other from doing things which are permissible, their liberty rights limited only by the obligation to respect others' liberty – is the central thesis of liberal theories of justice.
Ordered liberty is a concept in political philosophy, where individual freedom is balanced with the necessity for maintaining social order. The phrase "ordered liberty" originates from an opinion by Justice Benjamin Cardozo in Palko v.
Therefore, if social justice is a major part of equality, then liberty is not a synonym of lack of obstacles, but being able to grasp those obstacles, to discuss and work to overcome them. [ 14 ] In 2006, historian Bernard Bailyn published a critique of "perfectionist ideas" found in "Two Concepts of Liberty."
A. Hart argued that if there are any rights at all, there must be the right to liberty, for all the others would depend upon this. T. H. Green argued that "if there are such things as rights at all, then, there must be a right to life and liberty, or, to put it more properly to free life." [14] John Locke emphasized "life, liberty and property ...
John Stuart Mill. Philosophers from the earliest times have considered the question of liberty. Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius (121–180 AD) wrote: . a polity in which there is the same law for all, a polity administered with regard to equal rights and equal freedom of speech, and the idea of a kingly government which respects most of all the freedom of the governed.