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Various lists regarding the political institutions of ancient Rome are presented. [1] Each entry in a list is a link to a separate article. Categories included are: constitutions (5), laws (5), and legislatures (7); state offices (28) and office holders (6 lists); political factions (2 + 1 conflict) and social ranks (8).
Census rank (ordo) based on wealth and political privilege, with the senatorial and equestrian ranks elevated above the ordinary citizen. Gender. Citizenship, of which there were grades with varying rights and privileges. The different Roman classes allowed for different rights and privileges, including voting rights, marriage rights, and more.
Legatus pro praetore – Provincial governor of senatorial rank with multiple legions under his command. Legionary – The heavy infantry that was the basic military force of the ancient Roman army in the period of the late Roman Republic and the early Roman Empire. Magister militum - High ranked commander in the late Roman Empire. Equivalent ...
The Latin word ordo (plural ordines) is translated variously and inexactly into English as "class, order, rank". One purpose of the Roman census was to determine the ordo to which an individual belonged. [153] Two of the highest ordines in Rome were the senatorial and equestrian.
Like military ranks, this subcategory includes officers that are by nature civilian but confer the authority to take military command, notably in times of war. Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory.
Roman tradition relates that the Order of Knights was founded by Romulus, who supposedly established a cavalry regiment of 300 men called the Celeres ("Swift Squadron") to act as his personal escort, with each of the three Roman "tribes" (actually voting constituencies) supplying 100 horses.
People also needed to be born into high social status in order to join these classes. [3] Prior to the reforms of the Gracchi brothers there were only two ordines, patricians and plebeians . Following the reforms of Gaius Gracchus , the equestrian class was split off into its own ordine . [ 4 ]
The consul of the Roman Republic was the highest ranking ordinary magistrate. [16] [17] Two Consuls were elected every year, and they had supreme power in both civil and military matters. Throughout the year, one Consul was superior in rank to the other Consul, and this ranking flipped every month, between the two Consuls. [18]