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The Totonac are an indigenous people of Mexico who reside in the states of Veracruz, Puebla, and Hidalgo. They are one of the possible builders of the pre-Columbian city of El Tajín , and further maintained quarters in Teotihuacán (a city which they claim to have built).
The Totonac population continues to decline in both states, especially since the 1980s with many migrating out due to the poor economy of the region. History has put pressure on the Totonac language, with speakers switching over to Spanish and in some cases, to Nahuatl even though those who change language still consider themselves Totonac. [3]
Totonac ceremic figure The Totonac culture or Totonec culture was a culture that existed among the indigenous Mesoamerican Totonac people who lived mainly in Veracruz and northern Puebla . Originally, they formed a confederation of cities, but, in later times, it seems that they were organized in three dominions: North, South and Serran. [ 1 ]
The Totonac presented Cortés with numerous gifts, including gold jewelry. Xicomecoatl made many complaints against the Aztec Empire and the great Montezuma. [3] Cortés promised alleviate his concerns. At Quiahuiztlan, the Spaniards and Totonacs forged their alliance against the Aztecs. [3] Spaniards and Totonacs shared the same goal.
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El Zapotal is a Totonac archaeological site located in the Ignacio de la Llave Municipality in Veracruz, Mexico. [1] It contains the ruins of a Totonac city that flourished from 600 to 900 CE, during what archaeologists call the Classical Period .
Post-classic Mesoamerica runs from about 900 to 1519 AD, and includes the following cultures: Aztec, Tarascans, Mixtec, Totonac, Pipil, Itzá, Kowoj, K'iche', Kaqchikel, Poqomam, Mam. In the North American chronology, the "Post-Classic Stage" followed the Classic stage in certain areas, and typically dates from around AD 1200 to modern times. [3]
The history of the native peoples of the state of Veracruz is complex. In the pre-Columbian period, the modern-day state of Veracruz was inhabited primarily by four indigenous cultures. The Huastecs and Otomis occupied the north, while the Totonacs resided in the north-center.