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2. Password strength - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength

   Password strength is a measure of the effectiveness of a password against guessing or brute-force attacks. In its usual form, it estimates how many trials an attacker who does not have direct access to the password would need, on average, to guess it correctly. The strength of a password is a function of length, complexity, and unpredictability ...

3. List of the most common passwords - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_most_common...

   The Worst Passwords List is an annual list of the 25 most common passwords from each year as produced by internet security firm SplashData. [3] Since 2011, the firm has published the list based on data examined from millions of passwords leaked in data breaches, mostly in North America and Western Europe, over each year.

4. Wikipedia:10,000 most common passwords - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:10,000_most...

   Usually, passwords are not tried one-by-one against a system's secure server online; instead, a hacker might manage to gain access to a shadowed password file protected by a one-way encryption algorithm. They would then test each entry in a file like this to see whether its encrypted form matches what the server has on record.

5. Key stretching - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_stretching

   In cryptography, key stretching techniques are used to make a possibly weak key, typically a password or passphrase, more secure against a brute-force attack by increasing the resources (time and possibly space) it takes to test each possible key. Passwords or passphrases created by humans are often short or predictable enough to allow password ...

6. Brute-force attack - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brute-force_attack

   One of the measures of the strength of an encryption system is how long it would theoretically take an attacker to mount a successful brute-force attack against it. [ 3 ] Brute-force attacks are an application of brute-force search, the general problem-solving technique of enumerating all candidates and checking each one.

7. PBKDF2 - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBKDF2

   PBKDF2 has five input parameters: [9] DK = PBKDF2(PRF, Password, Salt, c, dkLen) where: PRF is a pseudorandom function of two parameters with output length hLen (e.g., a keyed HMAC)