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In seismology, a tsunami earthquake is an earthquake which triggers a tsunami of significantly greater magnitude, as measured by shorter-period seismic waves. The term was introduced by Japanese seismologist Hiroo Kanamori in 1972. [1] Such events are a result of relatively slow rupture velocities. They are particularly dangerous as a large ...
Diagram showing how earthquakes can generate a tsunami. Tsunamis in lakes can be generated by fault displacement beneath or around lake systems. Faulting shifts the ground in a vertical motion through reverse, normal or oblique strike slip faulting processes, this displaces the water above causing a tsunami (Figure 1).
The tsunami magnitude scale, M t, is based on a correlation by Katsuyuki Abe of earthquake seismic moment (M 0 ) with the amplitude of tsunami waves as measured by tidal gauges. [62] Originally intended for estimating the magnitude of historic earthquakes where seismic data is lacking but tidal data exist, the correlation can be reversed to ...
The warning was prompted after a series of earthquakes, the strongest measuring 6.1, struck at around 11am local time with an epicentre in the Pacific Ocean, about 550km south of Tokyo.
The Lituya Bay megatsunami caused damage at higher elevations than any other tsunami, being powerful enough to push water up the tree covered slopes of the fjord with enough force to clear trees to a reported height of 524 m (1,719 ft). [9] A 1:675 recreation of the tsunami found the wave crest was 150 m (490 ft) tall. [14]
The 1867 Virgin Islands earthquake and tsunami occurred on November 18, at 14.45 in the Anegada Passage about 20 km southwest of Saint Thomas, Danish West Indies (now U.S. Virgin Islands). The M s 7.5 earthquake came just 20 days after the devastating San Narciso Hurricane in the same region.
The undersea megathrust earthquake was 9.1 to 9.3 on the moment magnitude scale and struck the Indian Ocean off the western coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia. It occurred on 26 December 2004 at 00:58:50 UTC (07:58:50 local time in Jakarta and Bangkok).
It was the first detailed documentation of a tsunami in Indonesia and the largest ever recorded in the country. [1] The exact fault which produced the earthquake has never been determined, but geologists postulate either a local fault, or a larger thrust fault offshore. The extreme tsunami was likely the result of a submarine landslide.