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Digital logic is the application of the Boolean algebra of 0 and 1 to electronic hardware consisting of logic gates connected to form a circuit diagram. Each gate implements a Boolean operation, and is depicted schematically by a shape indicating the operation.
A logic circuit diagram for a 4-bit carry lookahead binary adder design using only the AND, OR, and XOR logic gates. A logic gate is a device that performs a Boolean function, a logical operation performed on one or more binary inputs that produces a single binary output.
Example Boolean circuit. The ∧ nodes are AND gates, the ∨ nodes are OR gates, and the ¬ nodes are NOT gates. In computational complexity theory and circuit complexity, a Boolean circuit is a mathematical model for combinational digital logic circuits.
A Karnaugh map (KM or K-map) is a diagram that can be used to simplify a Boolean algebra expression. Maurice Karnaugh introduced the technique in 1953 [ 1 ] [ 2 ] as a refinement of Edward W. Veitch 's 1952 Veitch chart , [ 3 ] [ 4 ] which itself was a rediscovery of Allan Marquand 's 1881 logical diagram [ 5 ] [ 6 ] or Marquand diagram . [ 4 ]
A truth table is a mathematical table used in logic—specifically in connection with Boolean algebra, Boolean functions, and propositional calculus—which sets out the functional values of logical expressions on each of their functional arguments, that is, for each combination of values taken by their logical variables. [1]
In mathematics, a Boolean function is a function whose arguments and result assume values from a two-element set (usually {true, false}, {0,1} or {-1,1}). [1] [2] Alternative names are switching function, used especially in older computer science literature, [3] [4] and truth function (or logical function), used in logic.
The term "Boolean algebra" honors George Boole (1815–1864), a self-educated English mathematician. He introduced the algebraic system initially in a small pamphlet, The Mathematical Analysis of Logic, published in 1847 in response to an ongoing public controversy between Augustus De Morgan and William Hamilton, and later as a more substantial book, The Laws of Thought, published in 1854.
In modern logic, this is not assumed so the faded ones do not hold. (There can be no element in the faded red areas in the modern logic.) Depiction from the 15th century. In term logic (a branch of philosophical logic), the square of opposition is a diagram representing the relations between the four basic categorical propositions.