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The superior pontine sulcus separates the pons from the midbrain. [7] Posteriorly, the pons curves on either side into a middle cerebellar peduncle. [4] A cross-section of the pons divides it into a ventral and a dorsal area. The ventral pons is known as the basilar part, and the dorsal pons is known as the pontine tegmentum. [3]
The major function of this pathway is fine voluntary motor control of the limbs. The pathway also controls voluntary body posture adjustments. corticobulbar tract: from the motor cortex to several nuclei in the pons and medulla oblongata: Involved in control of facial and jaw musculature, swallowing and tongue movements.
This marks the end of the pons as the inferior colliculus is directly rostral and marks the caudal midbrain. Middle cerebellar peduncle is located inferior and lateral to the superior cerebellar peduncle, connecting pons to the cerebellum. Likewise, inferior cerebellar peduncle is found connecting the medulla oblongata to the cerebellum.
Although it does not carry taste sensation (the chorda tympani is responsible for taste), one of its branches—the lingual nerve—carries sensation from the tongue. The peripheral processes of mesencephalic nucleus of V neurons run in the motor root of the trigeminal nerve and terminate in the muscle spindles in the muscles of mastication.
Then both tracts pass through the brain stem, from the pons and then to the medulla. [2] The corticospinal tract, along with the corticobulbar tract, form two pyramids on either side of the medulla of the brainstem—and give their name as pyramidal tracts. [1] Corticospinal neurons synapse directly onto alpha motor neurons for direct muscle ...
The respiratory center is divided into three major groups, two in the medulla and one in the pons. The two groups in the medulla are the dorsal respiratory group and the ventral respiratory group. In the pons, the pontine respiratory group is made up of two areas – the pneumotaxic center and the apneustic center. The dorsal and ventral ...
For example, the muscles of a single finger have more α-MNs per fibre, and more α-MNs in total, than the muscles of the quadriceps, which allows for finer control of the force a finger applies. In general, α-MNs on one side of the brainstem or spinal cord innervate muscles on that same side of the body.
Proprioception refers to the sensory information relayed from muscles, tendons, and skin that allows for the perception of the body in space. This feedback allows for more fine control of movement. In the brain, proprioceptive integration occurs in the somatosensory cortex, and motor commands are generated in the motor cortex.