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In marine propulsion, a variable-pitch propeller is a type of propeller with blades that can be rotated around their long axis to change the blade pitch. Reversible propellers—those where the pitch can be set to negative values—can also create reverse thrust for braking or going backwards without the need to change the direction of shaft revolution.
Kamewa started as a brand name of the controllable-pitch propellers manufactured by KMW. KMW was founded in the city of Karlstad in 1860. KMW also manufactured pulp and paper machines for paper mills and hydro power turbines. Kamewa was acquired by the British company Vickers plc in 1986. In 1999, Rolls-Royce acquired Vickers. [1]
The French firm Ratier produced variable-pitch propellers of various designs from 1928 onwards, relying on a special ball-bearing helicoidal ramp at the root of the blades for easy operation. Walter S Hoover's patent for a variable pitch propeller was filed in the U.S. Patent Office in 1934.
ABB provided an azimuth thruster for ShinNihonkai Ferries in form of the CRP Azipod, [2] claiming efficiency gains from the propeller (about 10% increase [3]) and a simpler hull design. Volvo Penta have launched the IPS (Inboard Performance System), [4] an integrated diesel, transmission and pulling contra-rotating propellers for motor yachts.
de Havilland Propellers was established in 1935, as a division of the de Havilland Aircraft company when that company acquired a licence from the Hamilton Standard company of America for the manufacture of variable-pitch propellers at a cost of about £20,000. [1] [citation needed] Licence negotiations were completed in June 1934.
Self-actuating variable pitch propellers A self-feathering propeller is not more efficient than a fixed bladed prop, as neither type can adopt an optimal blade angle. Exceptions are the Bruntons Autoprop , Darglow FeatherStream , and the V-Prop , all of which are not merely folding propellers, but are self-actuating variable-pitch propellers .