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In large population studies of adults without underlying heart disease, resting heart rates of 45–50 BPM appear to be the lower limits of normal, dependent on age and sex. [3] [4] Bradycardia is most likely to be discovered in the elderly, as age and underlying cardiac disease progression contribute to its development. [5]
THR = HR max − Adjuster ± 5 bpm Zone 1 Adjuster = 50 bpm Zone 2 Adjuster = 40 bpm Zone 3 Adjuster = 30 bpm Zone 4 Adjuster = 20 bpm Zone 5 Adjuster = 10 bpm. Example for someone with a HR max of 180: Zone 1 (easy exercise): 180 − 50 ± 5 → 125 − 135 bpm Zone 4 (tough exercise): 180 − 20 ± 5 → 155 − 165 bpm
A child aged 1–3 years old can have a heart rate of 80–130 bpm, a child aged 3–5 years old a heart rate of 80–120 bpm, an older child (age of 6–10) a heart rate of 70–110 bpm, and an adolescent (age 11–14) a heart rate of 60–105 bpm. [12] An adult (age 15+) can have a heart rate of 60–100 bpm. [12]
[4] Sinus bradycardia is a common condition found in both healthy individuals and those who are considered well-conditioned athletes. [5] Heart rates considered bradycardic vary by species; for example, in the house cat, a rate of under 120 beats per minute is abnormal. Generally, smaller species have higher and larger species lower rates. [6]
For example, taking normal QTc ≤ 0.42 s, QT would be expected to be 0.42 s or less at a heart rate of 60 bpm. For a heart rate of 70 bpm, QT would roughly be expected to be equal to or below 0.40 s. Likewise, for 80 bpm, QT would roughly be expected to be equal to or below 0.38 s. [13]
Every 3 min the speed & incline of the treadmill are increased. [2] There are 7 such stages and only very fit athletes can complete all 7 stages. The modified Bruce Protocol is an alteration in the protocol so that the treadmill is initially horizontal rather than uphill, with the 1st few intervals increasing the treadmill slope only.
Accelerated junctional rhythm is when the rhythm of emerged impulses is more than 40 to 60 beats per minute, which is the natural range of the junction. It happens in some instances such as digoxin toxicity, and usually has a rate of between 60 and 100 bpm. [11]
A minimum systolic value can be roughly estimated by palpation, most often used in emergency situations, but should be used with caution. [10] It has been estimated that, using 50% percentiles, carotid, femoral and radial pulses are present in patients with a systolic blood pressure > 70 mmHg, carotid and femoral pulses alone in patients with systolic blood pressure of > 50 mmHg, and only a ...