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Stimulants (also known as central nervous system stimulants, or psychostimulants, or colloquially as uppers) are a class of drugs that increase alertness. They are used for various purposes, such as enhancing attention , motivation , cognition , mood , and physical performance .
Stimulant use disorder is a type of substance use disorder where the use of stimulants caused clinically significant impairment or distress. It is defined in the DSM-5 as "the continued use of amphetamine -type substances, cocaine , or other stimulants leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, from mild to severe". [ 1 ]
Stimulant psychosis is a mental disorder characterized by psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations, paranoid ideation, delusions, disorganized thinking, and grossly disorganized behaviour. It typically occurs following an overdose or several day binge on psychostimulants , [ 1 ] although it can occur in the course of stimulant therapy ...
Autism spectrum disorder [a] (ASD), or simply autism, is a neurodevelopmental disorder "characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts" and "restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities". [11] Sensory abnormalities are also included in the diagnostic manuals ...
A stimulant is a drug that stimulates the central nervous system, increasing arousal, attention and endurance. Stimulants are used in psychiatry to treat attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Because the medications can be addictive, patients with a history of drug abuse are typically monitored closely or treated with a non-stimulant.
Stimulants, used to treat disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy, and for weight reduction. Antipsychotics , used to treat psychotic symptoms , such as those associated with schizophrenia or severe mania , or as adjuncts to relieve clinical depression.
People treated with stimulants such as methylphenidate during childhood were less likely to have substance use disorders in adulthood. [ 210 ] Among countries with the highest rates of use of methylphenidate medication is Iceland, [ 211 ] where research shows that the drug was the most commonly used substance among people who inject drugs . [ 212 ]
Conversely, people with addiction to stimulants often have increased blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, decreased sleep and appetite. [43] Stimulants may cause anxiety and paranoia as well. [44] Addiction of benzodiazepines is diagnosed based on the withdrawal syndrome occurred after termination of regular use. [45]