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Equipotential bonding involves electrically connecting metalwork so that it is at the same voltage everywhere. Exact rules for electrical installations vary by country, locality, or supplying power company. [2] Equipotential bonding is done from where the distribution wiring enters the building to incoming water and gas services.
Strictly speaking, the terms grounding or earthing are meant to refer to an electrical connection to ground/earth. Bonding is the practice of intentionally electrically connecting metallic items not designed to carry electricity. This brings all the bonded items to the same electrical potential as a protection from electrical shock.
An isolated ground (IG) (or Functional Earth (FE) in European literature) is a ground connection to a local earth electrode from equipment where the main supply uses a different earthing arrangement, one of the common earthing arrangements used with domestic mains supplies.
An earthing system (UK and IEC) or grounding system (US) connects specific parts of an electric power system with the ground, typically the equipment's conductive surface, for safety and functional purposes. [1] The choice of earthing system can affect the safety and electromagnetic compatibility of the installation.
In the TN-C-S system, each piece of electrical equipment has both a protective ground connection to its case, and a neutral connection. These are all brought back to some common point in the building system, and a common connection is then made from that point back to the source of supply and to the earth.
The cable has a ground or shield conductor which is connected to the chassis ground of each component. The driver amplifier in component 1 (left) applies signal V 1 between the signal and ground conductors of the cable. At the destination end (right), the signal and ground conductors are connected to a differential amplifier.
Separating the planet’s rocky crust and the molten outer core, the mantle makes up 70 percent of the Earth’s mass and 84 percent of its volume. But despite its outsized influence on the planet ...
A multipoint ground system is more complicated to install and maintain over the long term, and can be more expensive to install. Star topology systems can be converted to multipoint systems by installing new conductors between old existing ones. However, this should be done with care as it can inadvertently introduce noise onto signal lines during the conversion process. The noise can be ...