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Calcitriol is a hormone and the active form of vitamin D, normally made in the kidney. [8] [9] [10] It is also known as 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.It binds to and activates the vitamin D receptor in the nucleus of the cell, which then increases the expression of many genes. [11]
The kidney influences the plasma ionized calcium concentration in yet another manner. It processes vitamin D 3 into calcitriol, the active form that is most effective in promoting the intestinal absorption of calcium. This conversion of vitamin D 3 into calcitriol, is also promoted by high plasma parathyroid hormone levels. [24] [26]
It is used when the kidneys are not working well, which is called kidney failure and includes acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Renal replacement therapy includes dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis), hemofiltration, and hemodiafiltration, which are various ways of filtration of blood with or without machines.
As a result, bone abnormalities are found almost universally in patients with CKD requiring dialysis (stage 5D), and in the majority of patients with CKD stages 3–5. [2] More recently, there has been an increasing concern of extraskeletal calcification that may result from the deranged mineral and bone metabolism of CKD and from the therapies ...
Vitamin and mineral management for dialysis patients is a required treatment for people undergoing dialysis because during end-stage kidney disease and dialysis the kidneys are functioning at less than 15% of normal levels. [1] As a consequence, certain vitamin and mineral restrictions and supplementations are needed. [2]
Denial of care in chronic kidney disease treatment and management is a significant issue for minority populations. This can be due to healthcare provider prejudice, structural barriers, and health insurance coverage disparities. Healthcare provider biases can lead to under-treatment, misdiagnosis, or delayed diagnosis.
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