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Stimulant use disorder is a type of substance use disorder where the use of stimulants caused clinically significant impairment or distress. It is defined in the DSM-5 as "the continued use of amphetamine -type substances, cocaine , or other stimulants leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, from mild to severe". [ 1 ]
Stimulant psychosis is a mental disorder characterized by psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations, paranoid ideation, delusions, disorganized thinking, and grossly disorganized behaviour. It typically occurs following an overdose or several day binge on psychostimulants , [ 1 ] although it can occur in the course of stimulant therapy ...
Amphetamine use is rising among students due to the ability to easily access prescribed stimulants like Adderall. [5] Also, in case of chronic use, vegetative disorders soon occur such as bouts of sweating, trouble sleeping , tremor , ataxia and diarrhea ; the degradation of the personality takes place relatively slowly.
Substance-related disorders are found to have greatest prevalence in individuals ages 18–25, with a higher likelihood occurring in men compared to women, and urban residents compared to rural residents. On average, general medical facilities hold 22% of patients with substance-related disorders, possibly leading to psychiatric disorders later on.
Stimulants have a long history of use, both for medical and non-medical purposes. Archeological evidence from Peru shows that cocaine use dates back as far as 8000 B.C.E. [1] Stimulants have been used to treat various conditions, such as narcolepsy, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obesity, depression, and fatigue.
Conversely, people with addiction to stimulants often have increased blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, decreased sleep and appetite. [43] Stimulants may cause anxiety and paranoia as well. [44] Addiction of benzodiazepines is diagnosed based on the withdrawal syndrome occurred after termination of regular use. [45]
People treated with stimulants such as methylphenidate during childhood were less likely to have substance use disorders in adulthood. [ 210 ] Among countries with the highest rates of use of methylphenidate medication is Iceland, [ 211 ] where research shows that the drug was the most commonly used substance among people who inject drugs . [ 212 ]
Substance use disorder (SUD) is the persistent use of drugs despite substantial harm and adverse consequences to self and others. [8] Related terms include substance use problems [9] and problematic drug or alcohol use. [10] [11] Substance use disorders vary with regard to the average age of onset. [12]