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  2. Reflux - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflux

    The diagram shows a typical reflux apparatus. It includes a water bath to indirectly heat the mixture. As many solvents used are flammable, direct heating with a Bunsen burner is not generally suitable, and alternatives such as a water bath, oil bath, sand bath, electric hot plate or heating mantle are employed. [6]

  3. Kugelrohr - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kugelrohr

    A Kugelrohr (German for "ball tube") is a short-path vacuum distillation apparatus [1]: 150 typically used to distill relatively small amounts of compounds with high boiling points (usually greater than 300 °C) under greatly reduced pressure.

  4. Air-free technique - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air-free_technique

    An ordinary glovebox, showing the two gloves for manipulation, with airlock on the right. The most straightforward type of air-free technique is the use of a glovebox.A "glove bag" uses the same idea, but is usually a poorer substitute because it is more difficult to purge, and less well sealed.

  5. Reflux apparatus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/?title=Reflux_apparatus&redirect=no

    This page was last edited on 24 September 2019, at 06:30 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply.

  6. Soxhlet extractor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soxhlet_extractor

    A Soxhlet extractor is a piece of laboratory apparatus [1] invented in 1879 by Franz von Soxhlet. [2] It was originally designed for the extraction of a lipid from a solid material. Typically, Soxhlet extraction is used when the desired compound has a limited solubility in a solvent, and the impurity is insoluble in that solvent. It allows for ...

  7. Dean–Stark apparatus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean–Stark_apparatus

    The Marcusson apparatus, Dean-Stark apparatus, Dean–Stark receiver, distilling trap, or Dean–Stark Head is a piece of laboratory glassware used in synthetic chemistry to collect water [1] [2] (or occasionally other liquid) from a reactor. It is used in combination with a reflux condenser and a distillation flask for the separation of water ...

  8. File:Reflux apparatus numbered.svg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Reflux_apparatus...

    English: Chemical reaction apparatus using reflux. Allihn condenser; Gripper Jaw to maintain the condenser and the flask in vertical position; Round-bottom flask containing reactants; Heating mantle; Adapting support.

  9. Still - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still

    The simplest standard distillation apparatus is commonly known as a pot still, consisting of a single heated chamber and a vessel to collect purified alcohol. A pot still incorporates only one condensation, whereas other types of distillation equipment have multiple stages which result in higher purification of the more volatile component ...