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p-Xylene is the principal precursor to terephthalic acid and dimethyl terephthalate, both monomers used in the production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottles and polyester clothing. 98% of p-xylene production, and half of all xylenes produced is consumed in this manner. [10] [14] o-Xylene is an important precursor to phthalic ...
A water bottle. Worldwide, 480 billions of plastic drinking bottles were sold in 2017 (and fewer than half were recycled). [1] A plastic bottle of antifreeze Large plastic bottles of water. A plastic bottle is a bottle constructed from high-density or low density plastic. Plastic bottles are typically used to store liquids such as water, soft ...
It is a polymer, primarily used for packaging (plastic bags, plastic films, geomembranes and containers including bottles, cups, jars, etc.). As of 2017 [update] , over 100 million tonnes of polyethylene resins are being produced annually, accounting for 34% of the total plastics market.
A finished PET drink bottle compared to the preform from which it is made. There are two basic molding methods for PET bottles, one-step and two-step. In two-step molding, two separate machines are used. The first machine injection molds the preform, which resembles a test tube, with the bottle-cap threads already molded into place.
This plastic bucket has been used as an open-air flowerpot for some years. Photodegradation has made it brittle, causing part of it to break off when the bucket was moved. In polymer chemistry, photo-oxidation (sometimes: oxidative photodegradation) is the degradation of a polymer surface due to the combined action of light and oxygen. [1]
The p-xylene is then separated out in a series of distillation, adsorption or crystallization and reaction processes from the m-xylene, o-xylene, and ethylbenzene. Its melting point is the highest among this series of isomers, but simple crystallization does not allow easy purification due to the formation of eutectic mixtures.
Terephthalic acid was produced by oxidation of p-xylene with 30-40% nitric acid. Air oxidation of p-xylene gives p-toluic acid, which resists further air-oxidation. Esterification of p-toluic acid to methyl p-toluate (CH 3 C 6 H 4 CO 2 CH 3) opens the way for further oxidation to monomethyl terephthalate. In the Dynamit−Nobel process these ...
Polypropylene can also be made into disposable bottles to contain liquid, powdered, or similar consumer products, although HDPE and polyethylene terephthalate are commonly also used to make bottles. Plastic pails, car batteries, wastebaskets, pharmacy prescription bottles, cooler containers, dishes and pitchers are often made of polypropylene ...