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Paul Sabatier (1854-1941) winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1912 and discoverer of the reaction in 1897. The Sabatier reaction or Sabatier process produces methane and water from a reaction of hydrogen with carbon dioxide at elevated temperatures (optimally 300–400 °C) and pressures (perhaps 3 MPa [1]) in the presence of a nickel catalyst.
Additional hydrogen is obtained by the reaction of CO with water via the water-gas shift reaction: CO + H 2 O ⇌ CO 2 + H 2. This reaction is mildly exothermic (produces heat, ΔH r = −41 kJ/mol). Methane is also subjected to free-radical chlorination in the production of chloromethanes, although methanol is a more typical precursor. [35]
Methanation is an important step in the creation of synthetic or substitute natural gas (SNG). [7] Coal or wood undergo gasification which creates a producer gas that must undergo methanation in order to produce a usable gas that just needs to undergo a final purification step.
An example is the conversion of methane to chloroform using a chlorination reaction. Halogenating a hydrocarbon produces something that is not a hydrocarbon. It is a very common and useful process. Hydrocarbons with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae are called structural isomers.
Formaldehyde (/ f ɔːr ˈ m æ l d ɪ h aɪ d / ⓘ for-MAL-di-hide, US also / f ə r-/ ⓘ fər-) (systematic name methanal) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH 2 O and structure H−CHO, more precisely H 2 C=O. The compound is a pungent, colourless gas that polymerises spontaneously into paraformaldehyde.
This chemical is also used in the natural gas industry as an odorant, as it mixes well with methane. The characteristic rotting vegetation smell of the mix is widely known by natural gas customers as an indicator of a possible gas leak , even a very minor one.
Methylene (IUPAC name: Methylidene, also called carbene or methene) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH 2 (also written [CH 2] and not to be confused with compressed hydrogen, which is also denoted CH 2). It is a colourless gas that fluoresces in the mid-infrared range, and only persists in dilution, or as an adduct.
Steam reforming or steam methane reforming (SMR) is a method for producing syngas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide) by reaction of hydrocarbons with water. Commonly, natural gas is the feedstock. The main purpose of this technology is often hydrogen production , although syngas has multiple other uses such as production of ammonia or methanol .