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In economics, market concentration is a function of the number of firms and their respective shares of the total production (alternatively, total capacity or total reserves) in a market. [1] Market concentration is the portion of a given market's market share that is held by a small number of businesses.
Perfect competition exists where an industry's concentration ratio is CR n = n/N, where N is the number of firms in the industry. That is, all firms have an equal market share. Low concentration – 40% A concentration ratio of close to 0% implies perfect competition at the least. This is only possible in an industry where there is a very large ...
Measures of concentration summarise the share of market or industry activity accounted for by large firms. An advantage of using concentration as an empirical tool to quantify market power is the requirement of only needing revenue data of firms which results in the corresponding disadvantage of the inconsideration of costs or profits. [35]
In an economy, production, consumption and exchange are carried out by three basic economic units: the firm, the household, and the government. Firms Firms make production decisions. These include what goods to produce, how these goods are to be produced and what prices to charge.
Concentration, in chemistry, the measure of how much of a given substance there is mixed with another substance; Mass concentration (astronomy), a region of a planet or moon's crust that is denser than average; Number density in physics, chemistry, and astronomy
This is guided by the idea that once concentration of production develops into a particular level, it will become a monopoly, like party organisations of Cartel, Syndicate, and Trust. [8] Cartel - In economics, a cartel is an agreement between competing firms to control prices or exclude entry of a new competitor in a market.
If the firm is a perfect competitor in all input markets, and thus the per-unit prices of all its inputs are unaffected by how much of the inputs the firm purchases, then it can be shown that at a particular level of output, the firm has economies of scale if and only if it has increasing returns to scale, has diseconomies of scale if and only ...
Karl Marx borrowed the idea of capital accumulation or the concentration of capital from early socialist writers such as Charles Fourier, Louis Blanc, Victor Considerant, and Constantin Pecqueur. [7] In Marx's critique of political economy , capital accumulation is the operation whereby profits are reinvested into the economy, increasing the ...