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Dapagliflozin is an example of an SGLT-2 inhibitor, it is a competitive, highly selective inhibitor of SGLT. It acts via selective and potent inhibition of SGLT-2, and its activity is based on each patient's underlying blood sugar control and kidney function. The results are decreased kidney reabsorption of glucose, glucosuria effect increases ...
GLP-1 agonists were initially developed for type 2 diabetes. [7] The 2022 American Diabetes Association (ADA) standards of medical care in diabetes include GLP-1 agonists or SGLT2 inhibitors as a first-line pharmacological therapy for type 2 diabetes in patients who have or are at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or heart ...
Sotagliflozin, sold under the brand name Inpefa among others, is a medication used to reduce the risk of death due to heart failure. [1] It is an inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 and 2 (SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitor). [1] It is taken by mouth. [1]
SGLT2 inhibitors, also called gliflozins, [14] are used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. SGLT2 is only found in kidney tubules and in conjunction with SGLT1 resorbs glucose into the blood from the forming urine. By inhibiting SGLT2, and not targeting SGLT1, glucose is excreted which in turn lowers blood glucose levels.
The low cost of most sulfonylureas, however, especially when considering their significant efficacy in blood glucose reduction, tends to keep them as a more feasible option in many patients - neither SGLT2 inhibitors nor GLP-1 agonists, the classes most favored by the AACE guidelines after metformin, are currently available as generics.
SGLT2 is a member of the sodium glucose cotransporter family, which are sodium-dependent glucose transport proteins. SGLT2 is the major cotransporter involved in glucose reabsorption in the kidney. [6] SGLT2 is located in the early proximal tubule, and is responsible for reabsorption of 80-90% of the glucose filtered by the kidney glomerulus. [7]
[1] [14] [15] Dapagliflozin was the first highly selective SGLT-2-inhibitor approved by the European Medicines Agency. [16] All SGLT-2 inhibitors in clinical development are prodrugs that have to be converted to its active 'A' form for activity. [9]
SGLT2 inhibitors should be stopped before surgery and only recommenced when it is safe to do so. [25] SGLT2 inhibitors may be used in people with type 1 diabetes, but the possibility of ketoacidosis requires specific risk management. [26] Specifically, they should not be used if someone is also using a low carbohydrate or ketogenic diet. [27]