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The MLPA forces were better organized and led, and the dispatch of 35, 000 Cuban Army troops in November 1975 decided the war for the MLPA. [7] Cuban accounts of the Angolan war speak of the efforts of the mercenaries in a tone of contempt as Cuban veterans contend that the mercenaries were poor soldiers who they had no trouble defeating. [6]
Operation Saluting October (Portuguese: Operação Saludando Octubre, alternatively translated as Operation Salute to October) [1] was an offensive carried out by the People's Armed Forces of Liberation of Angola (FAPLA) against the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) and its armed wing, the Armed Forces of the Liberation of Angola (FALA), during the Angolan Civil War.
Angola had gained its independence from Portugal on 11 November 1975, but the new country was immediately immersed in a three-sided civil war. The Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) was supported by the Soviet Union and Cuba, while the United States and some of its allies backed the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) and the National Union for the Total Independence ...
The People's Armed Forces of Liberation of Angola (Portuguese: Forças Armadas Populares de Libertação de Angola) or FAPLA was originally the armed wing of the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola but later (1975–1991) became Angola's official armed forces when the MPLA took control of the government.
Map showing the capital city, "M'banza-Kongo" (written here as S. Salvador) of the Kingdom of Kongo in the year 1711, located within the territory of what is today known as the "Republic of Angola" c. 1506 – c. 1543 Afonso I of Kongo's Rise to Power. 1506 Battle of Mbanza Kongo; 1588–1654 Dutch–Portuguese War. 29 October 1647 Battle of Kombi
By July 1978, Cuba had suffered 5,600 casualties in its African wars (Angola and Ethiopia), including 1,000 killed in Angola and 400 killed against Somali forces in the Ethiopian Ogaden. [24] In 1987, 6,000 South African soldiers reentered the Angolan war, clashing with Cuban forces.
Since independence from Portugal in 1975, Angola had been locked in a civil war between the MPLA and UNITA. [2] The Marxist–Leninist MPLA received direct military support from Cuba with the backing of the Soviet Union and other communist states, [2] whilst the UNITA branded itself as an anti-communist organization and received direct military support from South Africa and the United States. [2]
The Battle of Quifangondo (popularly known as Nshila wa Lufu, or Battle of Death Road in Kikongo) [8] was fought on 10 November 1975, near the strategic settlement of Quifangondo, Luanda Province, between the People's Armed Forces of Liberation of Angola (FAPLA), armed wing of the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), and the National Liberation Army of Angola (ELNA), armed ...