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In quantum mechanics, a singlet state usually refers to a system in which all electrons are paired. The term 'singlet' originally meant a linked set of particles whose net angular momentum is zero, that is, whose overall spin quantum number =. As a result, there is only one spectral line of a singlet state.
A spectral line is a weaker or stronger region in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum. It may result from emission or absorption of light in a narrow frequency range, compared with the nearby frequencies. Spectral lines are often used to identify atoms and molecules.
This single cell shows the process of the central dogma of molecular biology, which are all steps researchers are interested to quantify (DNA, RNA, and Protein).. In cell biology, single-cell analysis and subcellular analysis [1] refer to the study of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and cell–cell interactions at the level of an individual cell, as opposed to more ...
The analysis of line intensity ratios is an important tool to obtain information about laboratory and space plasmas. In emission spectroscopy, the intensity of spectral lines can provide various information about the plasma (or gas) condition. It might be used to determine the temperature or density of the plasma. Since the measurement of an ...
Spectral line shape or spectral line profile describes the form of an electromagnetic spectrum in the vicinity of a spectral line – a region of stronger or weaker intensity in the spectrum. Ideal line shapes include Lorentzian , Gaussian and Voigt functions, whose parameters are the line position, maximum height and half-width. [ 1 ]
Optical scattering occurs due to mismatches in refractive index of the different tissue components, ranging from cell membranes to whole cells. Cell nuclei and mitochondria are the most important scatterers. [11] Their dimensions range from 100 nm to 6 μm, and thus fall within the NIR window.
The numeral I is used for spectral lines associated with the neutral element, II for those from the first ionization state, III for those from the second ionization state, and so on. [1] For example, "He I" denotes lines of neutral helium , and "C IV" denotes lines arising from the third ionization state, C 3+ , of carbon .
Insights based on single-cell data analysis assume that the input is a matrix of normalised gene expression counts, generated by the approaches outlined above, and can provide opportunities that are not obtainable by bulk. Three main insights provided: [18] Identification and characterization of cell types and their spatial organisation in time